What is Kohlberg's theory of Moral Development?

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Lawrence Kohlberg, an american psychologist is known for his theory of moral development.
His theory is based on the principle of Piaget's theory of moral development. He use the same method as Piaget i.e story telling. Each story include a moral dilemma. The best story of Kohlberg is Heinz Dilemma.
Heinz wife was suffering from a some rare kind of cancer and the drug for the disease is discovered by  local chemist but he( chemist ) asking for 10 times the cost of drug. This was much more than the Heinz could afford.
Heinz was not able to raise even half of the money despite the help of family members. Heinz explained to the chemist that his wife is dying and asked if hey could have the drug at cheaper coast or pay the rest of the money later.
The chemist refused and told that he had discovered the drug and he is going to make money from it. Heinz was desperate to save his wife,so later that night he broke into Chemist's house and stole the drug.   

Kohlberg asked a series of questions:
  1. Should Heinz have stolen the drug?
  2. Would it change anything if Heinz did not love his wife?
  3. What if the person dying was a stranger, would it make any difference?
  4. Should the police arrest the chemist for murder if the women died?
After carefully studying the answers given by children he gave stages of moral development

 LevelStage Description 
Pre- conventional moralityPunishment and Obedience Orientation It's O.K to do if you don't get caught.
 Instrumental relativist OrientationTit for Tat stage also called individualism and exchange. If you do it for me, I ll do it for you.
Conventional MoralityInterpersonal Concordance Orientation Good boy- Good Girl stage. Children do it so that they are seen as good.
 Authority Social order Maintaining OrientationRules are Rules. Obedience to authority. Importance of "doing one's duty"
Post- Conventional MoralitySocial - contact Legalistic orientation  Difference between moral and legal right. Recognize that rules sometimes be broken.
 Universal Ethical Principle OrientationHuman life has supreme inherent value. takes account of likely views of everyone affected by a moral decision.

Take a quick quiz to check your understanding of the theory


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