What are the components of Food ?

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We all know that a food we eat come from a variety of sources like plants, animals, insects etc. like, rice, eggs, honey and many more.
If we talk about a meal, it is usually made up of one or more ingredients, which we get from plant or animal. These ingredients contain some components that are needed by our body and we call them nutrients. 
Major nutrients in food are carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals. Food also contain some dietary fibres and water which is required by our body. 
But not all foods contain all the nutrients then how can we know which food contain which nutrient?

Test for nutrients

 Carbohydrate Protein Fats
 found in food as starch and sugar If food is solid make a paste by adding water 
2-3 drops of  Iodine solution on food 2 drops of copper sulphate and 10 drops of caustic soda on food Wrap the paper on food
 Blue- black color indicates starch in food Violet color indicates presence of protein Oily patches indicates fat

Why body needs Nutrients?

 NutrientsRequirement Source 
 Carbohydrates For energy  potato, sugarcane, papaya, mango, melon, maize, wheat, rice, bajra
 Fats For energy groundnuts, eggs, fish, meat, milk, butter, coconut oil, sunflower oil, mustard oil, soybean oil, ghee, cream
 Proteins For growth and repair of body gram, moong, tuar dal, beans, peas, soybean, egg, meat, milk, fish
 Vitamins For protecting body against disease 
 Vitamin Akeeps eyes and skin healthy milk, eggs, cheese, green vegetables, cod liver oil, carrot
 Vitamin B complex for healthy skin, blood, hair etc. meat, milk, egg, pulses, potato, nut, sugarcane
 Vitamin C for healthy gums and teeth all citric fruits (lemon, orange, tomato), sour substances, chilly
 Vitamin D for calcium in teeth and bones sunlight, fish liver oil, eggs, milk
 Vitamin E fertility milk, butter, sprouted wheat, vegetable oil etc.
 Vitamin K clotting of blood tomato, soybean oil, green leafy vegetables etc.
 Minerals (calcium, iron,phosphorus, iodine) proper growth and maintenance of good health ginger, milk,eggs, green leafy vegetables, fish, salt
 Dietary fibres (roughage) helps body to get rid of undigested food whole grain, pulses, fresh fruits and vegetables
 Water helps in absorbing nutrients in our food presents in fruits, vegetables, milk etc.

  • Carbohydrates - energy giving foods
  • Proteins - body building foods
  • Some nutrients get lost in process of washing and cooking food
  • Vitamin c easily get destroyed by heat during cooking.
Food is very important topic for CTET exam. All the best to all and prepare well...

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